Updated 6:42 AM ET, Mon December 17, 2018 (CNN) Sixty-two militants were killed by US airstrikes in Somalia this month, US Africa Command said in a statement released Monday.

On June 9, at least 13 civilians were killed and 20 injured when fighting broke out between government forces at an aid distribution site in Baidoa.Civilians were targeted or faced indiscriminate attack during fighting over resources and political positions and control between clan militia and regional forces, particularly in Lower Shabelle, Hiraan, and Galguduud.The National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) and the Puntland Intelligence Service (PIS), which operate without legal authority, arbitrarily arrested and detained individuals without charge or access to legal counsel and family visits. Positively, the government took steps to establish a national human rights commission.Security forces unlawfully killed and wounded civilians during infighting over land, control of roadblocks, disarmament operations, and aid distribution. The last three months of 2018 maintained the same level of intensity as was established in the months preceding this period. In Puntland, at least 11 children were sentenced to death for terrorism-related offenses and murder by first instance military courts although all later had their sentences commuted.Internally displaced women and girls remain at particular risk of sexual and gender-based violence by armed men, including government soldiers and militia members, and civilians.

to increase in this area.

At a London conference on Somalia in May, partners endorsed a plan clarifying the structure of the security forces at national and regional levels.International donors financially supported the federal government’s controversial amnesty program for former Al-Shabab combatants. By the third quarter of 2017 at least 23 individuals were executed following military court convictions, the majority on terrorism-related charges.

In August, one of Al-Shabab’s former leaders, Sheikh Mukhtar Robow, was transferred to Mogadishu; foreign governments did not call for investigations into the serious abuses committed under his leadership.In March, US President Donald Trump granted the US Defense Department greater authority to conduct operations in Somalia, declaring parts of the country an “area of active hostilities.” The Pentagon acknowledged 30 strikes, 13 in November, and its involvement in at least four joint operations. extra resources it poured into the capital means assassinations will continue The group also claimed responsibility for several targeted assassinations, particularly of government officials and electoral delegates.In late May, Al-Shabab fighters abducted civilians, stole livestock, and committed arson in attacks that caused more than 15,000 people to flee their homes in the highly contested region of Lower Shabelle.By the year’s end, the risk of famine persisted, with over half of the country’s 12.4 million population still in need of emergency humanitarian assistance.According to the UN, 1 million people were newly displaced in 2017, bringing the total internally displaced persons (IDP) population to 2.1 million. On September 26, an alleged Kenyan air force jet struck the village of Taraka in Somalia’s Gedo region recently recaptured by Al-Shabab, wounding 4 civilians and killing 20 camels.Accountability for abuses by security forces was almost nonexistent.Measures at the disposal of troop-contributing countries to improve accountability have not been sufficiently used.

The last three months of 2018 maintained the same level of intensity as was established in the months preceding this period.

The Islamic State Somalia (ISS) expanded into Mogadishu from its hideouts in the mountains to the east of Bosaso, sending its deputy Emir into the capital to oversee the group’s expansion.

The Pentagon said it was reviewing reports of civilian casualties in two operations conducted in August in Bariire and Jilib; despite media reports of civilian casualties its assessment found that those killed and wounded in Bariire were all “armed enemy combatants”.Gulf states, primarily the UAE, increased bilateral military and political support to Somalia’s regional states. The last quarter of 2018 saw an increase in Al-Shabab assassinations by pistol and sticky IEDs, and a reduction in direct attacks on government and allied bases. According to the UN, incidents of reported sexual violence around displacement settlements increased in 2017.While authorities adopted some measures to improve the capacity of government institutions to tackle impunity for sexual violence, including establishing a sexual violence unit within the Attorney General’s Office, and passing a sexual offenses law in Puntland, implementation was limited.

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