Human Rights Watch found that government forces responded to the growing separatist insurgency by carrying out abusive security operations against communities suspected of supporting secessionist groups. Grappling with its colonial past and the strained relationship between a French-speaking majority and English-speaking minority, Cameroon’s Anglophone Crisis stems from a decision made after the First World War to divide the country into two separate spheres of influence English and French are both officially recognized languages in Cameroon.
Cameroon’s penal code punishes “sexual relations between persons of the same sex” with up to five years in prison. Anglophone attorneys struck for better legal and civil right – teachers and students later The Ambazonian Military Force (AMF), known as the “Amba-boys,” are an organized militant group composed of fighters from various militia like the Red Dragons or the Southern Cameroon Defense Forces tasked to fight against the Cameroon Armed Forces. As the following list of 10 Conflicts to Watch in 2019 amply illustrates, that road will be bumpy, and it will be perilous.” Cameroon is on the verge of escalating into civil war, Malley said. In early November, dozens of pro-Kamto protesters were arrested in Bafoussam, Western region. Ivo Tapang, a spokesman for an Ambazonian militant group, declared, "We want independence and nothing else.” Although this conflict has been ongoing for over three years, it has escalated outside of the international limelight. The school suspended classes on the day of the abduction. They were released two days later.Cameroon hosts more than 350,000 refugees and asylum seekers, including 260,000 from the Central African Republic and at least 90,000 from Nigeria. Cameroonian security forces patrol the perimeter of a polling station in Lysoka, near Buea, in the Anglophone regions of Cameroon, during the presidential election, October 7, 2018. Since mid-2017, Anglophone separatists have attacked government institutions and threatened, kidnapped, and killed civilians perceived to side with the government.In 2016 and 2017, government security forces used excessive force against largely peaceful demonstrations organized by members of the country’s Anglophone minority who were calling for increased autonomy for their region. The country endured abusive military operations against a secessionist insurgency in two Anglophone regions, attacks by the Islamic militant group, Boko Haram, in the Far North, and a worsening humanitarian crisis.
The following month, President Biya announced that Cameroon was under attack from terrorists and vowed to “eradicate these criminals.” The pace and scale of separatists’ attacks against security forces, government workers, and state institutions increased, especially following the arrest and deportation of 47 suspected secessionist activists from Nigeria in January 2018. They spent a week in jail on spurious homosexuality charges before a lawyer secured their release. During demonstrations in late 2017, government forces used live ammunition, including from helicopters, against demonstrators and bystanders, killing at least a dozen people and injuring scores. Continual marginalization of English-speakers by Yaoundé reached a tipping point in 2016, forming the foundation of the Anglophone Crisis and pushing the country towards what could be an impending and devastating civil war.Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. In a fourth case, Human Rights Watch analyzed evidence of torture filmed by perpetrators, who appear to be gendarmes. Tambe Ingwana, an AMF commander protected by odeshi says, “Even if you tie a bag of cement to me, and throw me into the water, I will still come out…I will survive.” Despite the separatists’ determination to secede, President Paul Biya is unlikely to allow it to happen. In April, police arrested four activists and a security guard at the office of AJO, an organization that works on HIV education with men who have sex with men (MSM), and other vulnerable groups. Media caption Cameroon's descent towards civil war. In the Anglophone regions, 800,000 children are out of school and one in three of the four million people are in need of aid.
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