Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Boer troops lining up in battle against the British during the South African War (1899–1902).The Boer siege of Ladysmith, 1900, during the South African War (1899–1902).Boer and British troops at the Battle of Belmont, November 23, 1899, during the South African War (1899–1902).British troops wading through the river at the Battle of Modder River, November 28, 1899, during the South African War (1899–1902). Turton, A.R. Belligerents (Grensoorlog of Bosoorlog in Afrikaans). The National Party dismissed the UN as unfit to meddle with South Africa's policies or discuss its administration of the mandate.The UN General Assembly responded by deferring to the In 1958, the UN established a Good Offices Committee which continued to invite South Africa to bring South West Africa under trusteeship.Mounting internal opposition to apartheid played an instrumental role in the development and militancy of a South West African nationalist movement throughout the mid to late 1950s.In December 1959, the South African government announced that it would forcibly relocate all residents of SWAPO leaders soon went abroad to mobilise support for their goals within the international community and newly independent African states in particular. He was killed on Implementation of UNSCR 435 officially started on 1 April 1989, when the South African-appointed Administrator General, The transition got off to a shaky start because, contrary to SWAPO leader Sam Nujoma's written assurances to the UN Secretary General to abide by a cease-fire and repatriate only unarmed Namibians, it was alleged that approximately 2,000 armed members of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), SWAPO's military wing, crossed the border from Angola in an apparent attempt to establish a military presence in northern Namibia. A Site about the South African Bushwar of 1966 till 1989. Furthermore, the court found that while Ethiopia and Liberia had Operation Blouwildebees triggered accusations of treachery within SWALA's senior ranks. Pp. South African War, also called the Second Boer War or the Second War of Independence, war fought from October 11, 1899, to May 31, 1902, between Great Britain and the two Boer (Afrikaner) republics--the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State--resulting in British victory. The movement scored a major diplomatic success when it was recognised by Compared to SWANU, SWAPO's potential for wielding political influence within South West Africa was limited, and it was likelier to accept armed insurrection as the primary means of achieving its goals accordingly.The increasing likelihood of armed conflict in South West Africa had strong international foreign policy implications, for both Western Europe and the Soviet bloc.The Soviet Union took a keen interest in Africa's independence movements and initially hoped that the cultivation of socialist client states on the continent would deny their economic and strategic resources to the West.Despite its burgeoning relationship with SWAPO, the Soviet Union did not regard Southern Africa as a major strategic priority in the mid 1960s, due to its preoccupation elsewhere on the continent and in the Middle East.In September 1965, the first cadre of six SWALA guerrillas, identified simply as On 18 July 1966, the ICJ ruled that it had no authority to decide on the South West African affair. Welsh, F. 2000. Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Guerrillas began operating in larger groups to increase their chances of surviving encounters with the security forces, and refocused their efforts on infiltrating the civilian population.Throughout the 1950s and much of the 1960s, a limited military service system by lottery was implemented in South Africa to comply with the needs of national defence.As the war intensified, South Africa's case for annexation in the international community continued to decline, coinciding with an unparalleled wave of sympathy for SWAPO.To regain the military initiative, the adoption of On 2 May 1971 a police van struck a mine, most likely a TM-46, in the Caprivi Strip.The proliferation of mines in the Caprivi and other rural areas posed a serious concern to the South African government, as they were relatively easy for a PLAN cadre to conceal and plant with minimal chance of detection.On 21 June 1971, the ICJ reversed its earlier decision not to rule on the legality of South Africa's mandate, and expressed the opinion that any continued perpetuation of said mandate was illegal.In December 1971, Jannie de Wet, Commissioner for the Indigenous Peoples of South West Africa, sparked off a general strike by 15,000 Ovambo workers in The strike was later brought to an end after the South African government agreed to several concessions which were endorsed by Nangutuuala, including the implementation of uniform working hours and allowing workers to change jobs.South Africa blamed SWAPO for instigating the strike and subsequent unrest.The following year, South Africa transferred self-governing authority to Chief Swelled by thousands of new recruits and an increasingly sophisticated arsenal of heavy weapons, PLAN undertook more direct confrontations with the security forces in 1973.Until 1973, the South African Border War was perceived as a matter of law enforcement rather than a military conflict, reflecting a trend among Anglophone Commonwealth states to regard police as the principal force in the suppression of insurgencies.In the last months of 1974 Portugal announced its intention to grant Angola independence and embarked a series of hasty efforts to negotiate a power-sharing accord, the South Africa believed that if the MPLA succeeded in seizing power it would support PLAN militarily and lead to an unprecedented escalation of the fighting in South West Africa.Weapons pour into the country in the form of Russian help to the MPLA.

The elections were held in November 1989 and were certified as free and fair by the UN Special Representative, with SWAPO taking 57% of the vote, short of the two-thirds necessary to have a free hand in revising the framework constitution that had been formulated not by UN Commissioner Carlsson but by South African appointee Louis Pienaar. The so-called Bushwar or Border War was fought in N. Namibia and S. Angola; and involved the SADF and Unita on one side. In 1915 South Africa invaded and conquered the then After World War II, the League of Nations dissolved and the South African government of In 1966 the International Court of Justice decided that it had no legal standing in the case. However, the arrival of large numbers of British reinforcements by early 1900 made an eventual Boer defeat inevitable.

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